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Exogenous Cushing syndrome is a form of Cushing syndrome that occurs in people taking glucocorticoid (also called corticosteroid) hormones, such as prednisone.

Exogenous means caused by something outside the body. Exogenous Cushing syndrome occurs when a person takes human-made (synthetic) glucocorticoids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, for treatment purposes (for example, to treat asthma).

In Cushing syndrome, the adrenal glands produce too much of certain hormones, such as cortisol.

For other causes and more information about Cushing syndrome, see:

• Cushing syndrome
• Cushing syndrome caused by adrenal tumor
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome

• Abdomen that sticks out and thin arms and legs (central obesity)
• Acne
• Collection of fat between the shoulders (buffalo hump)
• Depression
• Euphoria, not related to life situation
• Excessive facial hair growth in females
• Frequent and easy bruising
• Headache
• Impotence
• Purple stretch marks on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, and breasts
• Round, red, and full face (moon face)
• Stopping of menstruation
• Weakness
• Weight gain

Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:

• Increased urination
• Thirst

In people who use cortisone, prednisone, or other corticosteroids, the following test results may suggest exogenous Cushing syndrome:

• Low ACTH level
• Low cortisol level
• No response to a cosyntropin stimulation test
• Higher than normal fasting glucose
• Low serum potassium
• Low bone density, as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
• High cholesterol, particularly high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A method called high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can show high levels of the suspected medication in the urine.

The suggested treatment is to slowly stop taking any corticosteroids. Do not stop taking any medicine without first talking to your health care provider.

If you cannot stop taking the medication because of disease (for example, if you need steroids to treat severe asthma), make every effort to reduce the possibility of developing complications.

• Treat high blood sugar aggressively with diet, medications taken by mouth, or insulin.
• Treat high cholesterol with diet or medications.
• If you will be on steroids for longer than 4 - 6 weeks, you may need to take medication to prevent bone loss (bisphosphonates, such as alendronate or risedronate). This will reduce the risk of fractures.

Slowly withdrawing the drug causing the condition can help reverse the effects of adrenal gland shrinkage (atrophy), although this may take as long as a year. During this time, you may need to restart taking your steroids in times of stress.

• Constant discomfort
• Damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves due to untreated high blood sugar
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol levels
• Increased risk of heart attack from untreated diabetes and high cholesterol
• Weak bones (osteoporosis) and increased risk of fractures

These complications can generally be prevented with proper treatment.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you are taking a corticosteroid drug and you develop symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

Awareness of the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome may make early treatment possible for patients who take corticosteroids. If you use inhaled steroids, you can decrease your exposure to the steroids by using a “spacer,” and by rinsing your mouth after breathing in the steroids.

Cushing syndrome - corticosteroid induced; Corticosteroid-induced Cushing syndrome; Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome; Exogenous Cushing syndrome

Stewart PM. The adrenal cortex. In: Kronenberg H, Melmed S, Polonsky K, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 14.

Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.